Week |
Subject |
Related Preparation |
1) |
Introduction: What is science and what is not?
A brief look at the history of science
scientific method of thinking |
Lecturer's notes and related articles |
2) |
Positive science approach
The assumptions underlying the positive science approach
Causality in the positive sciences
Measures of causality
Sufficient and necessary conditions in causation
Approaches used in determining causality |
Lecturer's notes and related articles |
3) |
Definition of concepts in science: The importance of functional definition in terms of positive science and criticisms of functional definition
Criteria of science: Observability, measurability, transmittance, repeatability and testability.
Purposes of science: description, explanation, prediction, control
Types of scientific articles: Survey, theoretical, empirical research, meta-analytical |
Lecturer's notes and related articles |
4) |
Scientific Article Writing Rules: Title and reference rules according to APA format, rules for writing an empirical research article
Scientific Research Ethics: Publication ethics, duplication, fragmentation, plagiarism, research planning and responsibility, protection of the rights of participants and experimental animals |
Lecturer's notes and related articles |
5) |
Variable Concept and Measurement I in Psychological Science: Measurement and scale types (classification, ordinal, interval and ratio scales), variable types (dependent variable, independent variable, confounding variable), dependent variable measurements (frequency, severity, duration, delay and selection of behavior) )
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Lecturer's notes and related articles |
6) |
Variable Concept and Measurement II in Psychological Science: Types of independent variables (environmental, subject, task, instruction), variable dimensions (singular and complex, physical and psychological).
Validity: Face validity, content validity, construct validity etc.
Reliability: Test-retest, parallel forms, split-half reliability etc.
Measurement errors: Factors that reduce reliability. |
Lecturer's notes and related articles |
7) |
Scientific approaches: Correlative approach, experimental approach, experimental and correlative approaches in terms of causality, experimental and correlative approaches in terms of the purposes of science.
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Lecturer's notes and related articles |
8) |
Scientific research types: Survey, observation, archive research
Controlled laboratory experiments, field experiments, Ex post pacto laboratory studies, Ex post pacto field studies |
Lecturer's notes and related articles |
9) |
Stages of Experimental Research: Identifying the problem, formulating the hypothesis, determining the dependent and independent variables, checking for alternative explanations, changing the independent variable, measuring and analyzing the dependent variable, drawing conclusions from the relationship between the variables.
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Lecturer's notes and related articles |
10) |
Hypothesis, Internal-validity, External-validity: Hypothesis and its types (synthetic and analytical hypotheses, universal and special hypotheses), experimental condition, systematic variation, control, internal validity, external validity, predictor and predicted variable, experimental, control and comparison groups .
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Lecturer's notes and related articles |
11) |
Randomization: Ways of sample selection, assumptions of randomization, the issue of randomization and generalization from the population, the issue of randomization and equivalence of groups in assignment to groups, randomization and experimental bias in assigning groups to conditions.
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Lecturer's notes and related articles |
12) |
Variance: Parts of variance (total variance, systematic variance, secondary variance, error variance)
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Lecturer's notes and related articles |
13) |
Secondary Sources of Change (Variance): Proactive history, retroactive history, maturation, pre-measurement effect, statistical regression, multiple application effect, independent variable interaction, instrument-equipment effect, experimenter bias, loss of subjects.
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Lecturer's notes and related articles |
14) |
Techniques Used in Controlling Secondary Sources of Change: Making independent variables, using a control group, eliminating, keeping constant, rank error compensation, full counterbalance, partial counterbalance, randomization, full randomization, block randomization, statistical control.
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Lecturer's notes and related articles |
15) |
All topics covered in the course for 14 weeks
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Lecturer's notes and related articles |